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14th Air Force (See CBI Unit Histories)
This change was made as the AAF didn't want the tiger to appear to be in retreat when the patch was worn on the right-hand shoulder.
14th Air Force Organizational Chart (high-level) |
14th Air Force Organizational Chart (detailed) |
Source:
Combat Units of WWII; AFHRA, Maurer Maurer, editor:
or
Air Force Historical Studies Office (Adobe Acrobat file)
Lineage: Established as Fourteenth Air Force on 5 Mar 1943. Activated on 10 Mar 1943. Inactivated on 6 Jan 1946. Activated on 24 May 1946. Discontinued and inactivated on 1 Sep 1960. Activated on 20 Jan 1966. Organized on 1 Apr 1966. Redesignated as Fourteenth Aerospace Force on 1 Jul 1968. Inactivated on 1 Oct 1976. Redesignated as Fourteenth Air Force (Reserve), and activated in the Reserve, on 8 Oct 1976. Redesignated as Fourteenth Air Force on 1 Dec 1985. Inactivated on 1 Jul 1993. Activated on 1 Jul 1993. Redesignated as: Fourteenth Air Force (Air Forces Strategic-Space) on 24 May 2007; Fourteenth Air Force (Air Forces Strategic) on 4 Apr 2008.
Assignments: US Army Forces, China-Burma-India Theater, 10 Mar 1943; US Forces, China Theater, c. 24 Oct 1944-15 Dec 1945; US Army Air Forces, Seattle Port of Embarkation, 5-6 Jan 1946. Air Defense Command, 24 May 1946; Continental Air Command, 1 Dec 1948-1 Sep 1960. Air (later Aerospace) Defense Command, 20 Jan 1966-1 Oct 1976. Air Force Reserve, 8 Oct 1976-1 Jul 1993. Air Force Space Command, 1 Jul 1993-.
Major Components
Commands: XIV Air Force Strategic Air Command (Provisional): attached 9 Jul-31 Jul 1945. XIV Air Force Tactical Air Command: attached 22 Jun-20 Aug 1945 (further attached to Tenth Air Force, 1-20 Aug 1945).
Regions: First Air Force Reserve: 1 Jul-15 Aug 1960. Second Air Force Reserve: 1 Jul-15 Aug 1960. Third Air Force Reserve: 1 Jul-15 Jul 1960.
Districts: 3 Air Reserve: 1 Dec 1951-1 Apr 1954. 8 Air Reserve: 8 Nov 1952-1 Jul 1953.
Divisions: 8 Air: 1 May 1949-1 Aug 1950. 9 Air: 1 May 1949-1 Aug 1950. 31 Air: 1 Apr 1966-1 Jul 1968. 32 Air: 1 Apr 1966-1 Jul 1968.
Wings: Chinese American Composite (Provisional): attached 1 Oct 1943-9 Jun 1945; 31 Jul-19 Sep 1945. 10 Tactical Reconnaissance: 1 Feb-1 Apr 1949. 20 Fighter (later, 20 Fighter-Bomber): 1 Feb 1949-1 Aug 1950. 21 Space: 20 Sep 1993-. 30 Space: 20 Sep 1993-. 31 Fighter (later, 31 Fighter-Bomber): 1 Feb 1949-1 Jul 1950. 45 Space: 20 Sep 1993-. 50 Space: 20 Sep 1993-. 54 Fighter: 10-11 Oct 1950. 63 Fighter: 10-11 Oct 1950. 68 Fighter (later, 68 Composite): 3 Sep 1943-10 Oct 1945 (not operational). 69 Bombardment (later, 69 Composite): 3 Sep 1943-25 Aug 1945 (not operational). 71 Missile Warning: 1 Jul 1968-30 Apr 1971. 73 Aerospace Surveillance: 1 Jul 1968-30 Apr 1971. 94 Bombardment (later, 94 Tactical Reconnaissance; 94 Troop Carrier; 94 Tactical Airlift; 94 Airlift): 26 Jun 1949-1 Apr 1951; 14 Jun 1952-17 May 1955; 25 Mar 1958-15 Aug 1960; 8 Oct 1976-1 Jul 1993. 118 Tactical Reconnaissance: 1-12 Apr 1951. 137 Fighter-Bomber: 26 Oct-27 Nov 1950. 302 Troop Carrier: 25 Mar 1958-15 Aug 1960. 312 Fighter: 13 Mar 1944-5 Nov 1945 (detached 9 Jul-1 Aug 1945). 314 Troop Carrier: 1 Feb 1949-1 Aug 1950. 316 Troop Carrier: 1 Feb-20 Oct 1949. 319 Bombardment (later, 94 Fighter-Bomber): 10 Oct 1949-28 Mar 1951; 18 May 1955-16 Nov 1957. 323 Bombardment: 1 Jul 1950-28 Mar 1951. 433 Tactical Airlift: 18 May 1955-25 Mar 1958. 435 Troop Carrier: 26 Jul 1949-2 Mar 1951; 1 Dec 1952-15 Jul 1970. 443 Troop Carrier: 1 Jul 1950-2 May 1951. 445 Troop Carrier: 16 Nov 1957-15 Jul 1960. 446 Troop Carrier: 25 May 1955-25 Mar 1958. 448 Fighter-Bomber: 8 May 1955-16 Nov 1957. 459 Troop Carrier: 25 Mar 1958-15 Aug 1960. 460 Air Base (later, 460 Space): 1 Oct 2001-. 482 Troop Carrier (later, 482 Fighter-Bomber): 14 Jun-1 Dec 1952; 18 May 1955-16 Nov 1957. 514 Troop Carrier: 26 Jun 1949-10 Oct 1949; 25 Mar 1958-15 Aug 1960. 516 Troop Carrier: 26 Jun 1949-17 Apr 1951. 4756 Air Defense: 1 Apr 1966-1 Jan 1968. 4780 Air Defense: 1 Apr 1966-1 Jul 1968.
Groups: 10 Aerospace Defense: 1 Jul 1968-31 Dec 1970. 932 Aeromedical Airlift: 8 Oct 1976-1 Aug 1992. Centers. 614 Air and Space Operations (formerly, 614 Space Operations Group): 28 Aug 1998-.
Stations: Kunming, China, 10 Mar 1943; Peishiyi, China, 7 Aug-c. 15 Dec 1945; Fort Lawton, WA, 5-6 Jan 1946. Orlando AAB (later AFB), FL, 24 May 1946; Robins AFB, GA, 28 Oct 1949-1 Sep 1960. Gunter AFB, AL, 1 Apr 1966; Burrows Building, Colorado Springs, CO, 1 Jul 1968-1 Oct 1976. Dobbins AFB (later, Air Reserve Base), GA, 8 Oct 1976-1 Jul 1993. Vandenberg AFB, CA, 1 Jul 1993-.
Commanders: Maj Gen Claire L. Chennault, 10 Mar 1943; Brig Gen Edgar E. Glenn, 22 Apr 1943 (acting); Maj Gen Claire L. Chennault, 4 Jun 1943; Maj Gen Charles B. Stone III, 1 Aug 1945; Col Floyd J. Doran, 1 Dec 1945-c. 1946. Maj Gen Leo A. Walton, 24 May 1946; Brig Gen Ralph F. Stearley, 27 Jul 1948; Brig Gen Ralph A. Snavely, 18 Oct 1948 (acting); Maj Gen Ralph F. Stearley, 20 Nov 1948; Brig Gen Joseph H. Davidson, 2 Feb 1950 (acting); Maj Gen Ralph F. Stearley, 14 Mar 1950; Maj Gen Charles E. Thomas Jr., 17 Jul 1950; Col Cortland S. Johnson, 15 April 1951 (acting); Maj Gen Charles E. Thomas Jr., (by 23) May 1951; Col Edgar E. Glenn, 3 Apr 1952 (acting); Maj Gen Charles E. Thomas Jr., (by 8 May) 1952; Col Marden M. Munn, 15 Aug 1953 (acting); Maj Gen Charles E. Thomas Jr., 22 Sep 1953; Maj Gen George G. Finch, 1 Feb 1955; Maj Gen John W. Persons Jr., 1 Aug 1957; Col James R. Williams, 24 Apr 1959 (acting); Maj Gen John W. Persons Jr., 23 May 1959; Col James R. Williams, 1 Aug 1959 (acting); Maj Gen Chester E. McCarty, 9 Oct 1959; Col Harry S. Bishop, 17 Feb 1960 (acting); Maj Gen Chester E. McCarty, 16 Mar-1 Sep 1960. Maj Gen James B. Tipton, 1 Apr 1966; Brig Gen Thomas H. Beeson, 22 Oct 1966; Maj Gen Walter B. Putnam, 1 Nov 1966; Maj Gen Oris B. Johnson, 1 Jul 1968; Col Russell G. Ogan, 25 Jul 1969 (acting); Maj Gen Michael J. Ingelido, 4 Aug 1969; Maj Gen Otis C. Moore, (by 28) Aug 1972; Maj Gen James Paschall, 15 Apr 1974; Col Thomas M. Crawford Jr., 1 Aug 1975 (acting); Brig Gen Bruce K. Brown, 13 Aug 1975; Col Thomas M. Crawford Jr., 15 Jun-1 Oct 1976. Maj Gen Edwin R. Johnson, 8 Oct 1976; Maj Gen Edward Dillon, 1 Nov 1976; Brig Gen Donald M. Jenkins (acting), 24 Apr 1979; Maj Gen James E. McAdoo, 15 May 1979; Maj Gen Alan G. Sharp, 1 Jan 1983; Maj Gen James E. McAdoo, 1 Dec 1986; Brig Gen Dale E. Baumler, 3 Mar 1988; Brig Gen Wallace W. Whaley, 31 Jan-1 Jul 1993. Col Owen E. Jensen, 1 Jul 1993 (acting); Maj Gen Parick P. Caruana, 16 Sep 1993; Maj Gen William E. Jones, 22 Jul 1994; Maj Gen David L. Vesely, 28 Jun 1995; Maj Gen Gerald F. Perryman Jr., 10 Mar 1997; Maj Gen Robert C. Hinson, 6 May 1999; Maj Gen William R. Looney III, 6 Jun 2000; Maj Gen Michael A. Hamel, 3 May 2002; Lt Gen William L. Shelton, 18 May 2005; Lt Gen Larry D. James, 9 Dec 2008-.
Operations: President Roosevelt established Fourteenth Air Force by special order on 10 March 1943. Claire Chennault, who had formed the American Volunteer Group of "Flying Tiger" fame received a promotion to Major General and assumed command. The new organization, conducted highly effective fighter and bomber operations over Japanese occupied Chinese territory, and the eastern third of mainland China and Formosa. Fourteenth Air Force also supported the airlift of cargo over the Himalayas from India (flying the "The Hump") for Chinese forces and B-29 operations at forward operating bases in China during Operation MATTERHORN, Oct 1944 to Mar 1945. By Aug 1945, its components had achieved air superiority over the skies of China and established a ratio of 7.7 enemy planes destroyed for every American plane lost in combat. The United States Army Air Forces credited 14 AF units with the destruction of 2,315 Japanese aircraft, 356 bridges, 1,225 locomotives and 712 railroad cars. Following the war, it returned to the US and inactivated on 6 Jan 1946.
In May of 1946, however, Fourteenth Air Force again activated at Orlando Army Air Base, FL, to administer Air Defense Command functions in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Puerto Rico, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico. It supervised the air defense training of active duty units, Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve units. Continental Air Command later expanded its mission to include the equipping and combat preparation of these units. With the advent of the Korean War, the Fourteenth participated in the mobilization of Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve units and individuals from its headquarters at Robins AFB, GA. After the war, its reserve wings continued to participate in various worldwide airlift operations until inactivation in Sep 1960.
In Apr 1966, the Air Force again activated the Fourteenth Air Force as part of Air Defense Command at Gunter AFB, AL, to support the North American Aerospace Defense Command Southern Region's air defense mission. Later, it provided for Aerospace Defense Command training, testing and evaluation missions. On 1 Jul 1968, Fourteenth Air Force was redesignated Fourteenth Aerospace Force and moved to Colorado Springs, CO. It assumed responsibility for detecting foreign missile launches, tracking missiles and satellites in space, providing space vehicle launch services, maintaining a satellite data base of all man-made objects in space and performing anti-satellite actions. It also equipped, trained, administered and provided personnel to operate and maintain space surveillance, space defense and missile warning systems until 1 Oct 1976 when it again inactivated. Seven days later, the Air Force redesignated the 14th Aerospace Force as Fourteenth Air Force (Reserve) at Dobbins AFB, GA, to manage airlift forces for the Military Airlift Command. Its units participated in worldwide airlift missions, one of which was Operation JUST CAUSE, Dec 1989-Jan 1990. In order to facilitate a change in mission, reassignment, and move to Vandenberg AFB, CA, the AF inactivated the Fourteenth at Dobbins AFB, GA, on 1 July 1993 and on the same day activated it in California. Assigned to Air Force Space Command, its responsibilities involved space operations. In 1997, it established the Space Operations Center at Vandenberg AFB in California for the 24-hour command and control of all space operations resources, and in 2002, became the Air Force's space operations component of the United States Strategic Command. As the Air Force's only Numbered Air Force for space and its concurrent United States Strategic Command mission of Joint Space Operations, the Fourteenth's mission included space launches from the east and west coasts, satellite command and control, missile warning, space surveillance and command and control of assigned and attached joint space forces. Its overall mission included control and exploitation of space for global and theater operations, to ensure warfighters the best space capabilities available.
Service Streamers: World War II Asiatic-Pacific Theater.
Campaign Streamers: World War II: China Defensive; China Offensive.
Armed Forces Expeditionary Streamers: None.
Decorations: Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards: 1 Oct 1974-1 Oct 1976; 1 Jun 1986-31 May 1988; 1 Jul 1989-30 Jun 1991; 1 Jul 1993-30 Jun 1995; 1 Sep 1996-31 Aug 1998; 1 Sep 1998-31 Aug 2000; 1 Sep 2000-1 Sep 2001. Air Force Organizational Excellence Award: 1 Oct 2001-30 Sep 2003.
Emblem: Azure, a winged Bengal tiger or with Sable and Argent markings, nose and langued gules armed White below and surmounting the lower points of a mullet of the fourth pierced of the fifth, all within an annulet and diminutive bordure Yellow. Approved on 6 Aug 1943; revised on 16 Aug 1994.
Significance: Blue and yellow are the Air Force colors. Blue alludes to the sky, and the primary theater of Air Force operations. Yellow refers to the sun and the excellence required of Air Force personnel. The tiger represents the unit's heritage in China as the American Volunteer Group during World War II. The wings on the tiger reflect the unit's flight capabilities in peace and war. The star pierced red symbolized the devotion and sacrifice by all previous personnel of the unit. Approved 16 August 1994.
Lineage, Assignments, Stations, Commanders, Operations and Honors through 10 Mar 2010.
(Presidential Unit Citation: See "Background of the Presidential Unit Citation for MIS" in CBI Unit Histories)
![]() Source: 14th Air Force redesignated as Space Operations Command (20 December 2019) VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. (AFNS) -- By order of Secretary of the Air Force Barbara M. Barrett, effective Dec. 20, Fourteenth Air Force was officially redesignated as Space Operations Command. Air Force military and civilian personnel previously assigned to the Fourteenth Air Force are now assigned to SPOC by virtue of the redesignation action. The SPOC directly supports the U.S. Space Force’s mission to protect the interests of the United States in space; deter aggression in, from and to space; and conduct space operations. On Dec. 20, President Donald Trump signed the fiscal year 2020 National Defense Authorization Act, officially establishing the USSF as the sixth branch of the U.S. armed forces. In accordance with a redesignation memorandum for record signed by Barrett, Maj. Gen. John E. Shaw, former Fourteenth Air Force commander, was redesignated as commander of Space Operations Command; in addition to Shaw’s role as U.S. Space Command’s Combined Force Space Component commander. The SPOC provides space capabilities such as space domain awareness, space electronic warfare, satellite communications, missile warning, nuclear detonation detection, environmental monitoring, military intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance, navigation warfare, command and control, and positioning, navigation and timing, on behalf of the USSF for USSPACECOM and other combatant commands. "It is an honor and privilege to lead the U.S. Space Force’s Space Operations Command. Every day, all around the planet, people count on us to make a difference – to provide a space-enabled combat edge to the warfighters that keep our country, our allies, and our partners safe," Shaw said. "We will not let them down." Additional details about SPOC will be available in early 2020 – highlighting Space Operations Command’s critical roles and responsibilities in support of national security objectives. ![]() Source: Ex-CBI Roundup, December 1976 issue 14th AEROF Crest Is Symbol of An Adventure-Filled Era Hq. 14th AEROF - The official crest of the Fourteenth Aerospace Force had its beginning in the superstitions of the Japanese people. For nearly a decade before Pearl Harbor, Japanese military aircraft roamed at will over China, virtually unopposed in the air. Japanese bombers and fighters nestled in some 200 Japanese airmies to strike the ill-armed, ill-supplied retreating forces of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. In the summer of 1941, the band of American flyers that was to become known as the American Volunteer Group (AVG) arrived in China under the leadership of Claire Lee Chennault. Chennault had first come to China in 1937 as an air advisor. Shortly after the AVG's arrival in China, its members called themselves the Flying Tigers. They heard the Chinese call them tigers and learned that the Japanese inherently feared the Bengal Tiger as a symbol of evil. On the other hand, the Chinese looked upon the saber toothed tiger as their national symbol. Before they were in China long, some of the members of the AVG spotted a RAF squadron of P-40 Tomahawks decorated with shark teeth along the nose of the aircraft. So the AVG soon converted the noses of their drab P-40s into grinning mouths of tiger sharks. A leering, bloody tongue was added and a single ominous eye just aft of the propeller completed the grim design which became world famous as the unofficial Flying Tiger trademark. Upon the organization of the 14th Air Force in March, 1943, individual members of the AVG were either called to active duty under reserve commissions or commissioned in the Army of the United States and assigned duty with the 23rd Fighter Group, a unit of the 14th Air Force. The 14th Air Force insignia was approved Aug. 6, 1943, as a result of a personal request from General Chennault. The design was created by Sgt. Howard Arnegard, a member of the 14th Air Force, who modeled it after an original Flying Tiger drawing created by Mr. Henry Porter, an artist at Walt Disney studios. The insignia is a blue disc with a winged Bengal Tiger partially covering a white star charged with a red disc. The Bengal Tiger reflects the good luck charm of the Chinese people. The blue disc represents an airman's skies, and the white star charged with a red disc is the traditional symbol the United States has displayed on all its aircraft. ![]() Source: Fact Sheets - 14th Air Force History (Vandenberg AFB website) 14TH AIR FORCE HISTORY The Beginning-the American Volunteer Group Preceding the establishment of the 14th Air Force, there was a slow build-up of American air strength in China. In 1937, Claire L. Chennault, a retired officer in the United States Army Air Corps, accepted the gigantic task of reorganizing the Chinese Air Force. In 1941, President Roosevelt signed a secret executive order which permitted Chennault to organize assistance. A group of volunteers (approximately 100 pilots and 150 support personnel) formed the American Volunteer Group (AVG). The AVG was trained by Chennault in Burma on innovative combat tactics. Later, one hundred crated P-40 aircraft, rejected by the British as obsolete, were shipped to China. To enhance esprit de corps, aircraft noses were painted to symbolize the grinning mouth, flashing teeth and the evil eye of the tiger shark. Subsequently, journalists used the tagline "Flying Tigers" which rapidly caught on worldwide. Fighting against numerically superior forces, the AVG compiled one of the greatest records of the war before it was discontinued in 1942. According to official Chinese statistics, confirmed losses to the enemy by the AVG were 268 enemy aircraft destroyed and another 40 aircraft damaged against 12 losses for the AVG. In a separate report, Chennault credits the AVG with 294 enemy aircraft shot down. The Creation of the 14th Air Force The China Air Task Force continued as the "Flying Tigers" under the command of Brigadier General Chennault. After the China Air Task Force was discontinued, the 14th Air Force (14 AF) was established by the special order of President Roosevelt on 10 March 1943. Chennault was appointed the commander and promoted to Major General. The "Flying Tigers" of 14 AF (who adopted the "Flying Tigers" designation from the AVG) conducted highly effective fighter and bomber operations along a wide front that stretched from the bend of the Yellow River and Tsinan in the north to Indochina in the south, from Chengtu and the Salween River in the west to the China Sea and the island of Formosa in the east. They were also instrumental in supplying Chinese forces through the airlift of cargo across "The Hump" in the China-Burma-India theater. By the end of World War II, 14 AF had achieved air superiority over the skies of China and established a ratio of 7.7 enemy planes destroyed for every American plane lost in combat. Overall, military officials estimated that over 4,000 Japanese planes were destroyed or damaged in the China-Burma-India theater during World War II. In addition, they estimated that air units in China destroyed 1,100,000 tons of shipping, 1,079 locomotives, 4,836 trucks and 580 bridges. The United States Army Air Corps credits 14 AF with the destruction of 2,315 Japanese aircraft, 356 bridges, 1,225 locomotives and 712 railroad cars. Post War Period After World War II, 14 AF moved to Orlando Army Air Base, Florida, to administer Air Defense Command functions in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Puerto Rico, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico. They supervised the air defense training of active duty units, Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve units. Continental Air Command later expanded the mission of 14 AF to include the equipping and combat preparation of units. During the Korean War, 14 AF participated in the mobilization of Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve units and individuals from its headquarters at Robins Air Force Base (AFB), Georgia. After the Korean War, the reserve wings of 14 AF participated in various airlift operations, such as Operation SIXTEEN TONS, Operation SWIFT LIFT and Operation READY SWAP. The 14th Air Force inactivated in 1960 and reactivated a few years later as part of Air Defense Command at Gunther AFB, Alabama. The reactivated 14 AF supported the North American Aerospace Defense Command Southern Region's air defense mission. Later, they provided for Aerospace Defense Command training, testing and evaluation missions. Entry Into Space In 1968, 14 AF moved to Ent AFB, Colorado, and was redesignated the 14th Aerospace Force. The 14th Aerospace Force was responsible for detecting foreign missile launches, tracking missiles and satellites in space, providing space vehicle launch services, maintaining a satellite data base of all man-made objects in space and performing anti-satellite actions. The 14th Aerospace Force also equipped, trained, administered and provided personnel to operate and maintain space surveillance, space defense and missile warning systems. A Brief Return to Flying In 1976, the 14th Aerospace Force was redesignated the 14 AF (Reserve) at Dobbins AFB, Georgia, where it managed airlift forces for Military Air Command and participated in such missions as Operation JUST CAUSE. Return to Space On 1 July 1993, 14 AF returned to its former space role and became a Numbered Air Force for Air Force Space Command, responsible for performing space operations. In 1997, 14 AF established the Space Operations Center at Vandenberg AFB in California for the 24-hour command and control of all space operations resources. In 2002, 14 AF became the Air Force space operational component of United States Strategic Command. In 2005, 14 AF officially opened up its newly renovated operations center. The new command and control capabilities of the Joint Space Operations Center ensured unity of effort for all space capabilities supporting joint military operations around the globe. Today As the Air Force's sole Numbered Air Force for space and its concurrent United States Strategic Command mission of Joint Space Operations, the operational mission of 14 AF includes space launch from the east and west coasts, satellite command and control, missile warning, space surveillance and command and control of assigned and attached joint space forces. The overall mission is control and exploit space for global and theater operations, thereby ensuring warfighters are supported by the best space capabilities available. The 14th Air Force consists of two launch wings (the 30th Space Wing at Vandenberg AFB, California, and the 45th Space Wing at Patrick AFB, Florida); a space control and missile warning wing (the 21st Space Wing at Peterson AFB, Colorado); a satellite command and control wing (the 50th Space Wing at Schriever AFB, Colorado) and a missile warning wing (the 460th Space Wing at Buckley AFB, Colorado). ![]() History of the CBI Theater: "Army Air Forces in WWII" (7 volumes) Office of Air Force History Wesley Craven & James Cate, editors ![]() American Volunteer Group (AVG) (forerunner to the China Air Task Force, July 1937 - July 1942)
![]() Monument located in Memorial Park National Museum of the United States Air Force ![]() Monument located in Memorial Park National Museum of the United States Air Force ![]() Plaque located at Air Force Academy Cemetery ![]() China Air Task Force (CATF) (forerunner to the 14th Air Force, July 1942 - March 1943)
![]() Plaque located at Air Force Academy Cemetery Other Sites of Interest: China Air Task Force - LIFE Magazine - April 12, 1943 ![]() 68th Composite Wing Source: Combat Units of WWII; AFHRA, Maurer Maurer, editor:
or
Air Force Historical Studies Office (Adobe Acrobat file)
Mr. Bernie Shearon
Lineage: Constituted as 68th Fighter Wing on 9 Aug 1943. Activated in China on 3 Sep 1943. Assigned to Fourteenth AF. Redesignated 68th Composite Wing in Dec 1943. Served in combat from Dec 1943 until Aug 1945. Inactivated in China on 10 Oct 1945. Disbanded 15 Jun 83; Reconstituted 31 Jul 85 as 518th Air Refueling Wg, not active.
Groups: 23d Fighter: 1943-1945.
Stations: Kunming, China, 3 Sep 1943; Kweilin, China, c. 23 Dec 1943; Liuchow, China, c. 15 Sep 1944; Luliang, China, c. 7 Nov 1944; Peishiyi, China, c. 19 Sep-10 Oct 1945.
Commanders: Brig Gen Clinton D Vincent, c. 23 Dec 1943; Col Clayton B Claassen, c. 13 Dec 1944; Lt Col Frank N Graves, 1 Aug 1945; Lt Col Charles C Simpson Jr, 10 Aug 1945; Lt Col Oliver H Clayton, 22 Aug 1945; Maj Asa F Constable, 8 Sep 1945-unkn.
Campaigns: China Defensive; Western Pacific; China Offensive.
Decorations: None.
Insigne: None.
![]() 23d Fighter Group
![]() Plaque located at Air Force Academy Cemetery Combat Units of WWII; AFHRA, Maurer Maurer, editor:
or
Air Force Historical Studies Office (Adobe Acrobat file)
Lineage: Established as 23 Pursuit Group (Interceptor) on 17 Dec 1941. Redesignated as 23 Fighter Group on 15 May 1942. Activated on 4 Jul 1942. Inactivated on 5 Jan 1946. Activated on 10 Oct 1946. Inactivated on 24 Sep 1949. Redesignated as 23 Fighter-Interceptor Group on 19 Dec 1950. Activated on 12 Jan 1951. Inactivated on 6 Feb 1952. Redesignated as 23 Fighter Group (Air Defense) on 20 Jun 1955. Activated on 18 Aug 1955. Inactivated on 1 Jul 1959. Redesignated as 23 Tactical Fighter Group on 31 Jul 1985. Redesignated as 23 Operations Group, and activated, on 1 Jun 1992. Inactivated on 1 Apr 1997. Redesignated as 23 Fighter Group on 26 Sep 2006. Activated on 1 Oct 2006.
Assignments: Tenth Air Force, China Air Task Force, 4 Jul 1942; Fourteenth Air Force, 10 Mar 1943-5 Jan 1946. 20 Fighter (later, 46 Fighter) Wing, 10 Oct 1946; 23 Fighter Wing, 16 Aug 1948-24 Sep 1949. 23 Fighter-Interceptor Wing, 12 Jan 1951-6 Feb 1952. 4711 Air Defense Wing, 18 Aug 1955; 32 Air Division (Defense), 1 Mar 1956; Bangor Air Defense Sector, 1 Aug 1958-1 Jul 1959. 23 Wing, 1 Jun 1992-1 Apr 1997. 23 Wing, 1 Oct 2006-.
Squadrons: Squadrons. 2 Airlift: 1 Jun 1992-1 Apr 1997. 16 Fighter: attached, 4 Jul 1942-19 Oct 1943. 41 Airlift: 16 Jul 1993-1 Apr 1997. 74 Fighter: 4 Jul 1942-5 Jan 1946; 10 Oct 1946-24 Sep 1949; 12 Jan 1951-6 Feb 1952; 15 Jun 1993-1 Apr 1997; 1 Oct 2006-. 75 Fighter (later, 75 Fighter-Interceptor; 75 Fighter): 4 Jul 1942-5 Jan 1946; 10 Oct 1946-24 Sep 1949; 12 Jan 1951-6 Feb 1952; 18 Aug 1955-1 Jul 1959; 1 Jun 1992-1 Apr 1997; 1 Oct 2006-. 76 Fighter (later, 76 Fighter-Interceptor): 4 Jul 1942-5 Jan 1946; 10 Oct 1946-24 Sep 1949; 18 Aug 1955-9 Nov 1957. 118 Tactical Reconnaissance: attached, May-Aug 1945. 132 Fighter-Interceptor: attached, 21 Jul-2 Aug 1951. 134 Fighter-Interceptor: attached, Jan-2 Aug 1951. 449 Fighter: attached, Jul-19 Oct 1943.
Stations: Kunming, China, 4 Jul 1942; Kweilin, China, c. Sep 1943; Liuchow, China, 8 Sep 1944; Luiliang, China, 14 Sep 1944; Liuchow, China, Aug 1945; Hanchow, China, c. 10 Oct-12 Dec 1945; Ft Lewis, WA, 3-5 Jan 1946. Northwest Field (later, Northwest Guam AFB), Guam, 10 Oct 1946-3 Apr 1949; Howard AFB, Canal Zone, 25 Apr-24 Sep 1949. Presque Isle AFB, ME, 12 Jan 1951-6 Feb 1952. Presque Isle AFB, ME, 18 Aug 1955-1 Jul 1959. Pope AFB, NC, 1 Jun 1992-1 Apr 1997. Pope AFB, NC, 1 Oct 2006; Moody AFB, GA, 30 Jul 2007-.
Commanders: Col Robert L. Scott Jr., 4 Jul 1942; Lt Col Bruce K. Holloway, 9 Jan 1943; Lt Col Norval C. Bonawitz, 16 Sep 1943; Col David L. Hill, 4 Nov 1943; Lt Col Philip C. Loofbourrow, 15 Oct 1944; Col Edward F. Rector, 12 Dec 1944-c. Dec 1945. Col Lester S. Harris, 10 Oct 1946; Maj Leonard S. Dysinger, 1 Nov 1947; Lt Col Hadley V. Saehlenou, Nov 1947-unkn; Col Louis R. Hughes Jr., 1 Sep 1948-unkn. Unkn, Jan-Jul 1951; Col Norval K. Heath, c. Jul 1951-6 Feb 1952. Col Frank Q. O’Connor, 1955; Lt Col Frank J. Keller, Dec 1955; unkn, 1956-1959. Col Charles M. Thrash, 1 Jun 1992; Col Frederick D. Van Valkenburg, 30 Jun 1994; Col Bobby J. Wilkes, 12 Jul 1996-31 Mar 1997. Col Henry J. Santicola, 1 Oct 2006; Col Michael O’Dowd, 27 Jul 2007; Col Elwood P. Hinman IV, 17 Jul 2009; Col Ronald F. Stuewe Jr., 26 Jul 2011; Col Derek M. Oaks, 3 May 2013; Col Timothy G. Sumja, 5 Aug 2015-.
Aircraft: P-40, 1942-1944; P-51, 1943-1945. F-47, 1946-1949; F-80, 1949. F-86, 1951-1952. F-89, 1955-1959. A-10, 1992-1997; C-130, 1992-1997; F-16, 1992-1996; A-10, 2006-.
Operations: The 23 Fighter Group initially owed its planes, several of its pilots, and its nickname to Claire Chennault’s American Volunteer Group, “The Flying Tigers.” Upon activation, the group used the shark-nosed P-40s made famous by its predecessor. The group provided air defense for the Chinese terminus of the Hump route from India; conducted a campaign against Japanese aircraft, both in the air and on the ground, strafed and bombed Japanese forces, installations, and transportation; escorted bombers, and flew reconnaissance missions. It intercepted Japanese planes attempting to bomb Allied airfields; attacked Japanese airdromes; strafed and bombed river craft, troop concentrations, supply depots, and railroads; and protected bombers that attacked Hong Kong, Canton, Shanghai, and other targets. Its area of operations extended beyond China to Burma, French Indochina, and Formosa. The “Flying Tigers” operated against the Japanese during the enemy’s drive toward Chansha and Chungking in May 1943 and supported Chinese forces during the Japanese offensive in the Tungting Hu region in Nov 1943. Despite bad weather and heavy flak, the group received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for actions it took in the effort to halt a Japanese force that pushed down the Hsiang Valley in Jun 1944 by repeatedly striking boats, trucks, aircraft, troops, and other objectives. During the following spring, the group helped stop a Japanese offensive, then proceeded to bomb and strafe retreating enemy columns. In Oct 1946, the 23 Fighter Group activated on Guam and was assigned to the Far East Air Forces, where it flew training, interception, and island defense missions, until its move to the Panama Canal Zone in Apr 1949 to provide jet transitional training in RF-80s for the Caribbean Air Command. From 1951-1952 and 1955-1959, served as part of the Air Defense Command flying air defense missions over northeastern United States. Activated as the 23 Operations Group, under the composite-type 23 Wing in 1992, the group flew A-10s, C-130s, and F-16s. Provided airlift and close air support to the U. S. Army’s XVIII Airborne Corps until 1997 when the 23 Wing was redesignated 23 Fighter Group and assumed new responsibilities. In Oct 2006 when the 23 Fighter Group returned to wing status, the 23 Operations Group again was redesignated to a fighter group and assumed the mission at Pope AFB, NC. Trained to provide close air support for ground forces, 2006-.
Service Streamers: None.
Campaign Streamers: World War II: India-Burma; China Defensive; China Offensive; Western Pacific.
Armed Forces Expeditionary Streamers: None.
Decorations: Distinguished Unit Citation: Hunan Province, China, 17-25 Jun 1944. Meritorious Unit Awards: 1 Jun 2008-31 May 2010; 1 Jun 2010-31 May 2012; 1 Jun 2014-31 May 2016. Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards: 31 May 1995-31 Mar 1997; [1 Oct] 2006-31 May 2007; [1 Jun 2007]-31 May 2008.
Emblem: Azure, over a bolt of lightning, in pale, or, a Flying Tiger proper, tongue red, winged argent; all outlines black; a diminutive border silver-grey. (Approved 24 Jan 1957.) Group will use the wing emblem with group designation in the scroll. Emblem should be updated in accordance with AFI 84-105.
Lineage, Assignments, Components, Stations, and Honors through 10 Jul 2017.
Commanders through Jul 2017; Aircraft, and Operations through 10 Jul 2017.
Other Sites of Interest: 23d Flying Tiger Association Globalsecurity.org (23d Fighter Group) Moody changes 23d Wing emblem, returns to heritage Posted 6/5/2012 Updated 6/5/2012 by Staff Sgt. Melissa K. Mekpongsatorn 23d Wing Public Affairs 6/5/2012 - MOODY AIR FORCE BASE, Ga. -- The Department of the Army Institute of Heraldry recently approved the new rendition of the 23d Wing historical emblem. In an effort to return to the Flying Tiger history and continue a proud legacy, the new patch reinstates the emblem originally used in 1957. The bottom of the new patch now reads Flying Tigers instead of 23rd Wing. The purpose of this change is to signify the return to the Flying Tigers historical roots and to identify Moody as the home of the Flying Tigers. ![]()
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118th TRS Pilots, Meridian, MS (Photo courtesy of Mr. Chris Davis) |
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Front Row: 2Lt George "Spider" Greene, 1Lt Perry Cox, 1Lt Carl Eley, Capt Robert Gee, Maj Ed McComas, Capt Ira Jones, 1Lt Earl Davis, 1Lt Bruce Salisbury, 1Lt Warren Christensen |
2nd Row: 2Lt John Powell, 1Lt Ray Darby, 2Lt Chester Malarz, 1Lt George Kutsher, 2Lt Henry Miehe, 1Lt Charles McMillin, 2Lt Berthold Petersen, 2Lt John Carpenter, 2Lt Robert O'Brien, 2Lt Oscar "Pop" Nislar |
3rd Row: Sgt Stan Gould (L-5 Pilot), 2Lt Don Penning, 1Lt Frank Bickel, SSgt Quincy McPhail (L-5 Pilot), Pvt Frank Castanette (L-5 Pilot) |
308th Bombardment Group (See CBI Unit Histories)
Combat Units of WWII; AFHRA, Maurer Maurer, editor:
or
Air Force Historical Studies Office (Adobe Acrobat file)
Lineage: Established as 308 Bombardment Group (Heavy) on 28 Jan 1942. Activated 15 Apr 1942. Inactivated 6 Jan 1946. Redesignated 308 Reconnaissance Group, Weather, on 27 Sep 1946. Activated 17 Oct 1946. Inactivated 5 Jan 1951. Redesignated 308 Bombardment Group, Medium, on 4 Oct 1951. Activated 10 Oct 1951. Inactivated 16 Jun 1952. Consolidated (3 May 2006) with Long Range Missile Systems Group, which was established on 23 Nov 2004. Activated 27 Jan 2005. Redesignated 308 Armament Systems Group on 15 May 2006. Inactivated 30 Jun 2010 per DAF/A1M 194t, 19 May 2010; SO #GA-7, HQ AFMC, 28 May 10.
Assignments: Second Air Force, 15 Apr 1942; Fourteenth Air Force, 10 Mar 1943; United States Forces India-Burma Theater, Aug-Dec 1945; Air Transport Command, Air Weather Service, 17 Oct 1946; Military Air Transport Service, Air Weather Service, 1 Jun 1948-5 Jan 1951. 308 Bombardment Wing, 10 Oct 1951-16 Jan 1952. Air to Ground Munitions Systems (later, 308 Armament Systems) Wing, 27 Jan 2005-30 Jun 2010.
Components:
Squadrons: 36 Reconnaissance (later, 425 Bombardment): 15 Apr 1942-6 Jan 1946; 53 Reconnaissance: attached 17 Oct 1946-15 Oct 1947. 54 Reconnaissance: 17 Oct 1946-15 Oct 1947. 55 Reconnaissance: 17 Oct 1946-15 Oct 1947. 59 Reconnaissance: attached 17 Oct 1946-15 Oct 1947. 373 Bombardment: 15 Apr 1942-21 Jul 1945; 10 Oct 1951-16 Jun 1952 (detached 10 Oct 1951-17 Apr 1952). 374 Bombardment (later, 374 Reconnaissance): 15 Apr 1942-6 Jan 1946; 15 Oct 1947-19 Dec 1950; 10 Oct 1951-16 Jun 1952 (detached 10 Oct 1951-17 Apr 1952). 375 Bombardment: 15 Apr 1942-6 Jan 1946; 10 Oct 1951-16 Jun 1952 (detached 10 Oct 1951-17 Apr 1952). 512 Reconnaissance: 15 Oct 1947-20 Sep 1948; 13 Feb-14 Nov 1949. 513 Reconnaissance: 15 Oct 1947-20 Sep 1948; 10 Aug 1949-19 Dec 1950. 2078 Weather Reconnaissance: 1 Jun 1948-20 Mar 1950.
Stations: Gowen Field, ID, 15 Apr 1942; Davis-Monthan Field, AZ, 20 Jun 1942; Wendover Field, UT, 1 Oct-28 Nov 1942; Kunming, China, 20 Mar 1943; Hsinching , China, 10 Feb 1945; Ruspi, India, 27 Jun-15 Oct 1945; Camp Kilmer, NJ, 5-6 Jan 1946. Morrison Field, FL, 17 Oct 1946; Fairfield-Suisun AAFld, CA, 1 Jul 1947; Tinker AFB, OK, 10 Nov 1949-5 Jan 1951. Forbes AFB, KS, 10 Oct 1951; Hunter AFB, GA, 11 Apr-16 Jun 1952. Eglin AFB, FL, 27 Jan 2005-.
Commanders: Capt Harris K. McCauley, 11 May 1942; Col Fay R. Upthegrove, 5 Jun 1942; Maj Leroy A. Rainey, 15 Jul 1942; Col Eugene H. Beebe, 16 Sep 1942; Col William P. Fisher, c. 3 Nov 1943; Col John G. Armstrong, 19 Oct 1944; Col William D. Hopson, 1 Jul 1945-unkn. Col Richard E. Ellsworth, 17 Oct 1946-unkn; Col Hervey H. Whitfield, Apr 1949-unkn; Col George N. Newton Jr., 5 Nov 1951; Col Maurice A. Preston, 10 May-16 Jun 1952. Col James Geurts, Jan 2005; Col John R. Griggs, 4 May 2006-.
Aircraft: B-24, 1942-1945. B-29, 1946-1951.
Operations: Made many trips over the Hump to India to obtain gasoline, oil, bombs, spare parts, and other items the group needed to prepare for and then to sustain its combat operations. The 308th Group supported Chinese ground forces; attacked airfields, coalyards, docks, oil refineries, and fuel dumps in French Indochina; mined rivers and ports; bombed shops and docks at Rangoon; attacked Japanese shipping in the East China Sea, Formosa Strait, South China Sea, and Gulf of Tonkin. Received a DUC for an unescorted bombing attack, conducted through antiaircraft fire and fighter defenses, against docks and warehouses at Hankow on 21 Aug 1943. Received second DUC for interdiction of Japanese shipping during 1944-1945. Maj Horace S Carswell Jr was awarded the Medal of Honor for action on 26 Oct 1944 when, in spite of intense antiaircraft fire, he attacked a Japanese convoy in the South China Sea; his plane was so badly damaged that when he reached land he ordered the crew to bail out; Carswell, however, remained with the plane to try to save one man who could not jump because his parachute had been ripped by flak; before Carswell could attempt a crash landing, the plane struck a mountainside and burned. The group moved to India in Jun 1945. Ferried gasoline and supplies over the Hump. Sailed for the US in Dec 1945. From Oct 1946 through Jan 1951, served with Air Weather Service; supervised training and operation of weather reconnaissance units. Not operational 10 Oct 1951-16 Jun 1952. Beginning in Jan 2005 equipped warfighters with long range, precision attack capabilities.
Service Streamers: None.
Campaign Streamers: World War II: China Defensive; China Offensive; India-Burma; Western Pacific; New Guinea.
Armed Forces Expeditionary Streamers: None.
Decorations: Distinguished Unit Citations: China, 21 Aug 1943; East and South China Seas, Straits of Formosa, and Gulf of Tonkin, 24 May 1944-28 Apr 1945.
Emblem: Azure, between a pale argent thereon three pallets gules, on the dexter a star of twelve points white, charged with an annulet azure; on the sinister a thundercloud proper with three lightning flashes or; in chief per chevron, inverted and enhanced sable, three bombs points downward or, between a semee of fifteen stars argent. Motto: Non Sibi, Sed Aliis - Not for Self, But for Others. (Approved 29 Aug 1952.) Group will use the wing emblem with the group designation in the scroll.
Lineage, Assignments, Components, Stations, and Honors through 15 May 2006.
Commanders, Aircraft, and Operations through 4 May 2006.
Other Sites of Interest: 308th Bomb Group 308th Strategic Missile Wing 308th Strategic Missile Wing ![]()
69th Composite Wing Source: Combat Units of WWII; AFHRA, Maurer Maurer, editor:
or
Air Force Historical Studies Office (Adobe Acrobat file)
Lineage: Established as 69 Bombardment Wing on 9 Aug 1943. Activated on 3 Sep 1943. Redesignated 69 Composite Wing on 21 Dec 1943. Inactivated on 26 Dec 1945. Redesignated 69 Troop Carrier Wing on 28 Jan 1947. Activated in the Reserve on 23 Mar 1947. Redesignated 69 Air Division, Troop Carrier on 16 Apr 1948. Inactivated on 27 Jun 1949. Redesignated 69 Air Division on 1 Sep 1959.
Assignments: Fourteenth Air Force, 3 Sep 1943; Tenth Air Force, 24 Aug-26 Dec 1945. Eleventh Air Force, 23 Mar 1947; First Air Force, 1 Jul 1948; Ninth Air Force, 23 Feb-27 Jun 1949.
Components
Groups: 51 Fighter: 2 Oct 1943-c. 26 Dec 1945. 341 Bombardment: 26 Dec 1943-21 Jun 1945, 1-25 Aug 1945. 375 Troop Carrier: 17 Oct 1947-27 Jun 1949. 419 Troop Carrier: 17 Oct 1947-27 Jun 1949. 433 Troop Carrier: 17 Oct 1947-27 Jun 1949. 436 Troop Carrier: 1 Jul 1948-27 Jun 1949.
Squadrons: 19 Liaison: 10 Jun 1944-1 Aug 1945. 27 Troop Carrier: attached 21 May 1944-c. Jul 1945. 319 Troop Carrier: 2-27 Sep 1945. 328 Troop Carrier: attached 25 Aug-10 Nov 1945. 329 Troop Carrier: attached 5-24 Sep 1945.
Stations: Kunming, China, 3 Sep 1943; Tsuyung, China, c. 12 Jan 1944; Kunming, China, by 30 Apr 1944-c. 26 Dec 1945. Greater Pittsburgh Airport, PA, 23 Mar 1947-27 Jun 1949.
Commanders: Unkn, 3 Sep-22 Dec 1943; Brig Gen John C. Kennedy, 23 Dec 1943; Col Charles H. Anderson, 1 Sep 1945; Maj James F. Rhodes, c. 15 Nov 1945-unkn. Unkn, 23 Mar 1947-27 Jun 1949.
Aircraft: B-25, 1943-1945; P-38, 1943-1945; P-40, 1943-1945; C-47, 1944-1945; L-1, 1944-1945; L-2, 1944; L-4, 1944; L-5, 1944-1945; L-6, 1944; P-51, 1944-1945; A-26, 1945. AT-6, 1947-1949; AT-7, 1947-1949; AT-11, 1947-1949; C-46, 1947-1949; C-47, 1947-1949.
Operations: Activated in China in 1943, the wing engaged in sea sweeps and attacks against Japanese inland shipping. Between late 1943 and 1945 its units bombed and strafed such targets as trains, harbors, railroads in French Indochina, and the Canton Hong Kong area of South China. These units also provided air support to Chinese ground troops. Fighter aircraft defended Allied air bases, the eastern terminus of the Hump route, and the bases in the area of Kunming and attacked bridges, oil and gas storage facilities, supply dumps, convoys, and enemy troop concentrations. After the Japanese surrender, the 69th's troop carrier aircraft ferried troops and supplies in China, helped to evacuate prisoners of war, and flew mercy missions in China, French Indochina, and Manchuria. It activated in the Reserve in 1947 and evidently performed training duties until Jun 1949.
Service Streamers: None.
Campaign Streamers: World War II: China Defensive; China Offensive.
Armed Forces Expeditionary Streamers: None.
Decorations: Distinguished Unit Citation: China, French Indochina, Manchuria, 1-30 Sep 1945.
Emblem: None.
Lineage, Assignments, Components, Stations, and Honors through 27 Jun 1949.
Commanders, Aircraft, and Operations through 27 Jun 1949.
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51st Fighter Group (See CBI Unit Histories)
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341st Bombardment Group
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312th Fighter Wing ![]() Combat Units of WWII; AFHRA, Maurer Maurer, editor:
or
Air Force Historical Studies Office (Adobe Acrobat file)
Mr. Mark Boland
Mr. Bernie Shearon
Lineage: Constituted as 312th Fighter Wing on 7 Mar 1944 and activated in China on 1 Mar. Assigned to Fourteenth AF. Served in combat in China from Jul 1944 until Aug 1945. Moved to the US, Oct-Nov 1945. Inactivated on 5 Nov 1945. Disbanded 15 Jun 83.
Groups: 33d: 1944. 81st: 1944-1945. 311th: 1944-1945.
Stations: Kunming, China, 13 Mar 1944; Chengtu, China, c. 25 Mar 1944-1 Oct 1945 (apparently at Shwangliu at some point in 1945 per the 11 May 1945 14th AF Station List); Camp Kilmer, NJ, c. 3-5 Nov 1945.
Commanders: Brig Gen Adlai H Gilkeson, c. 25 Mar 1944; Brig Gen Russell E Randall, c. 4 Sep 1944-c. Oct 1945.
Campaigns: China Defensive; China Offensive.
Decorations: None.
Insigne: Shield: On an ultramarine blue rectangle, long axis vertical, corners engrailed, a golden orange dragon rampant, proper, tail entwined about bend checky blue and silver, edged golden orange, all within a neat line of the last. (Approved 28 Apr 1945.)
![]() 33d Fighter Group
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81st Fighter Group
![]() Bench located in Memorial Park National Museum of the United States Air Force Combat Units of WWII; AFHRA, Maurer Maurer, editor:
or
Air Force Historical Studies Office (Adobe Acrobat file)
Mr. Bernie Shearon
Lineage: Constituted as 81st Pursuit Group (Intercepter) on 13 Jan 1942. Activated on 9 Feb 1942. Redesignated 81st Fighter Group in May 1942. Trained with P-39's. Moved overseas, Oct 1942-Feb 1943, the ground echelon arriving, in French Morocco with the force that invaded North Africa on 8 Nov, and the air echelon, which had trained for a time in England, arriving in North Africa between late Dec 1942 and early Feb 1943. Began combat with Twelfth AF in Jan 1943. Supported ground operations during the Allied drive against Axis forces in Tunisia. Patrolled the coast of Africa and protected Allied shipping in the Mediterranean Sea, Apr-Jul 1943. Provided cover for the convoys that landed troops on Pantelleria on II Jun and on Sicily on 10 Jul 1943. Supported the landings at Anzio on 22 Jan 1944 and flew patrols in that area for a short time. Moved to India, Feb-Mar 1944, and began training with P-40 and P-47 aircraft. Moved to China in May and became part of Fourteenth AF. Continued training and on occasion flew patrol and escort missions before returning to full-time combat duty in Jan 1945. Attacked enemy airfields and installations, flew escort missions, and aided the operations of Chinese ground forces by attacking troop concentrations, ammunition dumps, lines of communications, and other targets to hinder Japanese efforts to move men and materiel to the front. Inactivated in China on 27 Dec 1945.
Activated in Hawaii on 15 Oct 1946. Equipped with P-51's; converted to F-47's early in 1948. Moved to the US in 1949 and converted to jet aircraft, receiving F-80's at first but changing to F-86's soon afterward.
Redesignated 81st Fighter-Interceptor Group in Jan 1950. Moved to England, Aug-Sep 1951. Assigned to United States Air Forces in Europe. Redesignated 81st Fighter-Bomber Group in Apr 1954. Inactivated in England on 8 Feb 1955. Redesignated 81st Tactical Fighter Gp 31 Jul 85 (not active).
Squadrons: 78th: 1952-1955. 91st: 1942-1945; 1946-1955. 92d: 1942-1945; 1946-1955. 93d: 1942-1945; 1946-1951. 116th: 1951-1952.
Stations: Morris Field, NC, Feb 1942; Dale Mabry Field, Fla, c. 1 May 1942; Muroc, Calif, c. 28 Jun-4 Oct 1942; Mediouna, French Morocco, c. 5 Jan 1943; Thelepte, Tunisia, 22 Jan 1943; Le Kouif Airfield, Algeria, 17 Feb 1943; Youks-les-Bains, Algeria, 22 Feb 1943; Le Kouif Airfield, Algeria, 24 Feb 1943; Thelepte, Tunisia, c. Mar 1943; Algeria, c. 3 Apr 1943; Monastir, Tunisia, c. 26 May 1943; Sidi Ahmed, Tunisia, 10 Aug 1943; Castelvetrano, Sicily, 12 Oct 1943; Montecorvino Airfield, Italy, c. Feb 1944; Karachi, India, c. 2 Mar 1944; Kwanghan, China, 12 May 1944; Fungwansham, China, Feb 1945; Huhsien, China, Aug-Dec 1945. Wheeler Field, TH, 15 Oct 1946-21 May 1949; Kirtland AFB, NM, 17 Jun 1949; Moses Lake AFB, Wash, c. 1 May 1950-21 Aug 1951; Bentwaters RAF Station, England, 3 Sep 1951-8 Feb 1955.
Commanders: Unkn, Feb-May 1942; Capt Harry E Hammond, 5 May 1942; Capt John D Sureau, 10 May 1942; Lt Col Paul M Jacobs, 22 May 1942; Lt Col Kenneth 5 Wade, c. Jul 1942; Col Philip B Klein, May 1943; Lt Col Michael Gordon, 2 Jul 1943; Maj Frederick S Hanson, 15 Jul 1943; Col Philip B Klein, 26 Aug 1943; Lt Col Fred G Hook Jr, 27 Sep 1944; Col Oliver G Cellini, 24 Oct 1944-unkn. Col Oswald W Lunde, [c. 1946]; Col Gladwyn E Pinkston, [c. 1948] Lt Col Clay Tice Jr, c. Apr 1950; Lt Col Lucius D Clay Jr, 1950; Lt Col Clay Tice Jr, c. Feb 1951; Col Robert Garrigan, c. Aug 1951; Col Benjamin B Cassiday Jr, c. Jul 1953; Col Walter L Moore, 1 Dec 1954-1955.
Campaigns: Air Combat, EAME Theater; Algeria-French Morocco; Tunisia; Sicily; Naples-Foggia; Anzio; Rome-Arno; China Defensive; China Offensive.
Decorations: None.
Insigne: Shield: Or, a dragon salient wings displayed and addorsed azure, armed and langued gules, incensed proper, holding in its dexter claw a stylized boll weevil sable. Motto: Le Nom - Les Armes - La Loyaute: The Name, The Arms, and Loyalty. (Approved 2 Mar 1943.)
Source: Air Force Historical Research Agency (AFHRA) (81st Training Wing)
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311th Fighter Group ![]() ![]()
Chinese-American Composite Wing (See CBI Unit Histories)
Source: Journal of the American Aviation Historical Society, Winter 1982 Commanders: Winslow Morse, 1 October 1943 - 2 December 1944; T. Alan Bennett, 3 December 1944 - September 1945. Source: Accomplishments of the CACW OCTOBER 1, 1943 - AUGUST 1, 1945 Initially formed on July 31, 1943 as the 1st Bomb Group (Provisional) and the 3d Fighter Group (Provisional), Chinese Air Force, The Chinese American Composite Wing (Provisional) would be officially activated on October 1, 1943. The operational units of the CACW would be jointly commanded by both American and Chinese air force officers, and the unit's aircraft would be jointly manned by American and Chinese pilots and air crewmen. ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE C.A.C.W. During it first year and a half of operations, the Chinese and American airmen of the CACW could claim the destruction of 190 Japanese aircraft in air-to-air combat, and 301 more on the ground. The fighters and bombers of the CACW had destroyed at least 1500 Japanese vehicles and sunk several hundred thousand tons of Japanese merchant and naval shipping, in addition they had taken a heavy toll on Japanese ground troops, facilities, railroads and bridges. In that same time, they had lost 35 fighters and 8 bombers to enemy ground fire, and 20 fighters to Japanese aircraft. However, not a single CACW bomber had been lost to enemy fighters, a tribute to the abilities of the Wing's B-25 aircrews, and the quality of the escort protection provided by the Wing's fighter pilots. The most successful fighter pilot of the CACW was Lt. Colonel William N. Reed, who had first fought in China as a member of the AVG. As a "Flying Tiger," Reed had destroyed 3 Japanese aircraft in aerial combat and 8 more on the ground. Then returning to China to command the CACW's 7th Fighter Squadron and eventually its 3d Fighter Group, he would destroy an additional 6 Japanese aircraft in aerial combat. Source: Fourteenth Air Force Heir to the Flying Tigers The Chinese-American Composite Wing (CACW) became a part of the Fourteenth Air Force in July 1943. The CACW consisted of Chinese aircraft and crews trained under Lend-Lease with a combination of Chinese and USAAF officers serving as the wing's group, squadron and flight leaders. Organized as two fighter groups of P-40s and one bomber group of B-25s, CACW units began their first combat operations in October 1943. The coming in of the CACW effectively gave Chennault command and control over all tactical aviation operations occurring within the China theater. ![]() Provided courtesy of Mr. Allan Blue (from the files of S/Sgt Richard C. Frye, 4th BS (M), CACW) Source: CBI Roundup - November 12, 1943 - China-Burma-India Theater of World War II Chinese-American Wing In Action With 14th AF 14TH AIR FORCE HQ. - During the past week, the 14th Air Force rained destruction upon Japanese troops, installations, shipping and Japanese-occupied towns. As a result of these missions, during which the newly arrived Chinese-American Composite Wing participated for the first time on November 4, six large enemy vessels were sunk and one more was probably sunk. On a raid against the Swatow Airdrome, three Jap fighters and one bomber on the ground were damaged. On Nov. 3, B-25's, with fighter escort, made a triple assault against the Jap troops in the Lake Tungting area. Operating in support of Chinese troops, they attacked Ouchihkow, Hwajung and Shihshow. Large fires were started in the target area. Fighter aircraft carrying fragmentation bombs made a successful low-level attack on the Lasion airdrome in central Burma. The next day B-25's in a shipping sweep over the South China Sea, bombed and sank one 5,900-ton cargo vessel and scored a probable on a 1,000-ton freighter. They also attacked and damaged three Japanese fighters and one bomber which were caught on the ground at the Swatow airdrome. On this mission one plane failed to return. Two flights of 16 and 21 Jap bombers attacked small towns in Eastern China, but did not cause severe damage. On Nov. 7, Mitchell bombers with fighter escort returned to the China Coast, hitting shipping in the harbor of Amoy. Coming in at low level, they bombed seven vessels, five of which were left sinking. One of the vessels sunk was a 250-foot Japanese destroyer. The planes encountered heavy fire from anti-aircraft and machine guns but returned safely to their base. Other Sites of Interest: Society of Oral History on Modern China Items owned by Capt. Harry Kebric, Combat Liaison Officer with the CACW and designer of the CACW insignia. The banner was hand embroidered in silk on a parachute panel (chute used by a P-40 pilot) by Chinese orphans at the request of a Chinese General. It was a special thank you to Capt. Kebric for his kindness to the local populous. (from the collection of Mr. Peter Kirkup) ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() 1st Bomb Group (Provisional) ![]() Lineage: Formed 31 Jul 43; Activated 1 Oct 1943, Malir Cantonment, Karachi Aircraft: B-25D/H/J ![]()
3d Fighter Group (Provisional)
![]() 5th Fighter Group (Provisional) ![]() ![]() Plaque located in Memorial Park National Museum of the United States Air Force Photos courtesy of Mr. Jay Marvin ![]()
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XIV AF Strategic Air Command (Provisional) Activated 8 Jun 45 in China ![]() 4th Photographic Technical Unit Source: Army Pamphlet 672-1
Mr. Bernie Shearon
Lineage: Activated on 20 Oct 43 at Esler Field, LA. Redesignated 4 Photo Technical Unit Nov 44, inactivated 7 Nov 45, disbanded 8 Oct 48, reconstituted 16 Oct 84 & amp; consolidated with 94 Reconnaissance Technical Sq as 4 Reconnaissance Technical Sq. Unit mission was aerial photography and map making; organization stationed in China in Dec 44; Unit prepared for return to the United States in Aug 45.
Assignments: 14th Air Force.
Stations: unknown -1944, Chabua -1945, Chabua, Kunming, Chengtu, Chunking -Aug 45.
Decorations: Meritorious Unit Commendation: 5 Feb-31 May 45, GO 102, Hq 14th AF, dtd 5 Aug 45.
![]() 21st Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron (See CBI Unit Histories) ![]() ![]() The serial was either removed or more likely hidden by exhaust stains. -- Courtesy of Mr. Nick King Combat Squadrons of the Air Force - World War II; AFHRC, Maurer Maurer, editor: (Adobe Acrobat files)
or
Air Force Historical Research Agency
Mr. Bernie Shearon
Lineage: Constituted 21st Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron on 14 Jul 1942. Activated on 2 Sep 1942. Re-designated: 21st Photographic Squadron (Light) on 6 Feb 1943; 21st Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron on 13 Nov 1943. Inactivated on 6 Jan 1946. Redesignated 21st Reconnaissance Squadron (Photographic) on 11 Mar 1947. Activated in the reserve on 1 Oct 1947. Inactivated on 27 Jun 1949. Consolidated 19 Sep 85 with 921st Air Refueling Squadron, Heavy as 921st Air Refueling Squadron, Heavy.
Assignments: 5th Photographic (later Photographic Reconnaissance and Mapping) Group, 2 Sep 1942; Fourteenth Air Force, Jun 1943-6 Jan 1946. 74th Reconnaissance Group, 1 Oct 1947-27 Jun 1949.
Stations: Colorado Springs, Colo, 2 Sep 1942-27 Apr 1943; Bishnupur, India, 27 Jun 1943 (flights at Kunming, China, 12 Jul-22 Aug 1943, and Kweilin, China, 12 Jul 1943-12 Sep 1944); Kunming, China, 22 Aug 1943 (flights at Suichwan, China, 26 Oct 1943-26 Jun 1944. c. 12 Nov 1944-22 Jan 1945; Liangshan, China, 1 Apr-18 Oct 1944; Kanchow, China, Aug-20 Nov 1944; Liuchow, China, 10 Sep-6 Nov 1944; Hanchung, China, 18 Oct 1944-13 Aug 1945; Luliang, China, c. 26 Nov 1944-13 May 1945; Hsian, China, 5 Feb-c. 5 Oct 1945; and Laifeng, China, 7 May-16 Aug 1945); Shwangliu, China, 14 May 1945 (flights at Ankang, China, 25 Jun-c. 5 Oct 1945, and Chihkiang, China, 16 Aug-c. 15 Oct 1945); Hangchow, China, 18 Oct-c. 15 Dec 1945; Ft Lawton, Wash, 5-6 Jan 1946. Stewart Field, NY, 1 Oct 1947-27 Jun 1949-
Aircraft: In addition to F-5, 1943-1945, included F-4, 1943-1945, P-40, 1943-1944, and F-6 and B-25, 1945-
Operations: Combat in CBI, 12 Jul 1943-14 Aug 1945.
Service Streamers: None.
Campaigns: Central Pacific; India-Burma; Air Offensive, Japan; China Defensive; New Guinea; Western Pacific; Central Burma; China Offensive; Air Combat, Asiatic-Pacific Theater.
Decorations: None.
Emblem: Over and through a dark red disc, a demisphere in base light gray, marked with lines of latitude and longitude dark gray, encompassed by a pair of gold dividers, all surmounted by a peregrine falcon in flight, grasping a gold aerial camera in the talons. (Approved 29 Apr 1944.)
![]() 35th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron
Combat Squadrons of the Air Force - World War II; AFHRC, Maurer Maurer, editor: (Adobe Acrobat files)
or
Air Force Historical Research Agency
Mr. Bernie Shearon
Lineage: Designated 123d Observation Squadron, and allotted to NG, on 30 Jul 1940. Activated on 18 Apr 1941. Ordered to active service on 15 Sep 1941. Redesignated: 123d Observation Squadron (Light) on 13 Jan 1942; 123d Observation Squadron on 4 Jul 1942; 123d Reconnaissance Squadron (Bombardment) on 2 Apr 1943; 35th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron on 11 Aug 1943. Inactivated on 7 Nov 1945. Redesignated 123d Fighter Squadron, Single Engine and allotted to Air National Guard 24 May 46, activated 26 Jun 46, redesignated 123d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron 1 Mar 51, inactivated 1 Nov 52. Activated 1 Dec 52, redesignated 123d Fighter Squadron 31 Mar 92.
Assignments: Oregon NG, 18 Apr 1941; 70th Observation (later Reconnaissance) Group, 15 Sep 1941; 77th Tactical Reconnaissance Group, 11 Aug 1943 (attached to 70th Tactical Reconnaissance Group to 31 Oct 1943); III Reconnaissance (later Tactical Air) Command, 30 Nov 1943; AAF, India-Burma Sector, 5 May 1944; Fourteenth Air Force, c. Sep 1944; Tenth Air Force, 1 Aug 1945; Fourteenth Air Force, 25 Aug-7 Nov 1945.
Stations: Portland, Ore, 18 Apr 1941; Gray Field, Wash, 25 Sep 1941 (detachment operated from Hoquiam, Wash, 15 Mar-c. Aug 1942); Ontario AAFld, Calif, 16 Mar 1943; Redmond AAFld, Calif, 20 Aug 1943; Gainesville AAFld, Tex, 10 Nov 1943; Will Rogers Field, Okla, 5 Feb-10 Apr 1944; Guskhara, India, 13 Jun 1944; Kunming, China, 1 Sep 1944 (flights at Nanning, China, 16 Sep-6 Oct 1944, and Yunnani, China, 16 Sep 1944-10 Feb 1945); Chanyi, China, 17 Sep 1944 (flights at Chihkiang, China, 19 Oct 1944-c. 1 Sep 1945; Suichwan, China, 19 Nov 1944-22 Jan 1945; Chengkung, China, 10 Feb-13 May 1945; Laohwangping, China, 27 Feb-c. 1 Sep 1945; Kunming, China, 14 May-31 Jul 1945; and Nanning, China, 31 Jul-c. 1 Sep 1945); Luliang, China, 18-24 Sep 1945; Camp Kilmer, NJ, 5-7 Nov 1945. Portland Apt (later AFB), OR 1946-1952. Portland IAP, OR 1952-. Assigned to 142nd Fighter Group 1946-Feb 51, 4th Air Force -Feb 51, 142nd Fighter Group -Feb 51, 325th Fighter-Interceptor Group -6 Feb 52 (attached to 325th Fighter-Interceptor Wing Mar 51-Feb 52), 4704th Defense Wing -1952. 142nd Fighter-Interceptor Group (later Fighter Group, Fighter-Interceptor Group, Operations Group), 1952-.
Aircraft: In addition to 0-47 and 0-49,1941-1943, included 0-46,1941-c. 1942; in addition to B-25, 1943-1944, and P-38, 1944, included A-2O and DB-7, 1943, and P-39, 1943-1944; in addition to F-5, 1944-1945, briefly included B-25, 1945.
Operations: Antisubmarine patrols, 8 Dec 1941-10 Aug 1942; combat in CBI, 12 Sep 1944-Aug 1945.
Service Streamers: None.
Campaigns: Antisubmarine, American Theater; India-Burma; China Defensive; New Guinea; Western Pacific; Central Burma; China Offensive.
Decorations: None.
Emblem: On an ultramarine blue disc, crossed by an irregular patch of yellow to form land and water areas, a stylized red hawk, in flight, toward dexter base, grasping in its talons a black aerial machine gun and a black aerial rocket. (Approved 24 Jan 1950.)
Source: Globalsecurity.org (123d Fighter Sq) Previously designated as the 123d Fighter Interceptor Squadron, the squadron was renamed the 123th Fighter Squadron in 1992. The squadron converted to the F-15A/B aircraft in 1989/90, with most of those planes coming from the 318th FIS at McChord AFB, which was being disbanded. The Unit has been flying the F-15 Eagle jet fighter since 1989. The 142 FW has 15 PAI and 3 BAI/AR F-15A and F-15B Eagles. ![]() 322nd Troop Carrier Squadron
![]() Courtesy of Mr. Nick King Combat Squadrons of the Air Force - World War II; AFHRC, Maurer Maurer, editor: (Adobe Acrobat files)
or
Air Force Historical Research Agency
Mr. Bernie Shearon
Lineage: Constituted 322d Troop Carrier Squadron on 25 Aug 1944. Activated on 9 Sep 1944. Inactivated on 6 Jan 1946. Redesignated 322d Troop Carrier Squadron, Medium (Special) on 18 Jul 1956. Activated on 18 Sep 1956. This was a special operations unit, replacing the 581st Air Resupply Gp. Inactivated on 8 Dec 1957.
Assignments: Fourteenth Air Force, 9 Sep 1944; Tenth Air Force, 25 Aug 1945-6 Jan 1946 (attached to 443d Troop Carrier Group, 4 Sep-1 Dec 1945). 313th Air Division, 18 Sep 1956; Fifth Air Force, 12 Feb-8 Dec 1957.
Stations: Kunming, China, 9 Sep 1944; Loping, China, 25 May 1945; Liangshan, China, 1 Aug 1945; Chihkiang, China, 25 Aug 1945; Hankow, China, 3 Oct-1 Dec 1945; Ft Lawton, Wash, 4-6 Jan 1946. Kadena, Okinawa, 18 Sep 1956-8 Dec 1957.
Aircraft: C-47, 1944-1945; C-46, 1945. C-54, 1956-1957. SA-16, 1956-1957. C-119, 1956-1957.
Operations: Aerial transportation in China, 9 Sep 1944-25 Aug 1945; airlifted Chinese troops to bases in eastern China for disarmament operations, Sep-Nov 1945.
Service Streamers: None.
Campaigns: China Defensive; China Offensive.
Decorations: Distinguished Unit Citation: China, 5-30 Sep 1945.
Emblem: On a shield AF blue, a globe, water areas light blue, land areas green; on an heraldic chief, white, a silhouetted sword, in fess, superimposed over two olive branches, in saltire, all black; curved around the outer sinister area of the shield a large red dart, outlined
black, with barbed head pointing to center of globe. (Approved 27 Feb 1957.)![]() 426th Night Fighter Squadron
![]() P-61A "SATAN 13" of the 426th NFS -- Courtesy of Mr. Nick King ![]() 427th Night Fighter Squadron
![]() 476th Fighter Group ![]() Combat Units of WWII; AFHRA, Maurer Maurer, editor:
or
Air Force Historical Studies Office (Adobe Acrobat file)
Lineage: Established as 476 Fighter Group on 20 Apr 1943. Activated on 19 May 1943. Disbanded on 31 Jul 1943. Reestablished on 11 Oct 1943. Activated on 1 Dec 1943. Disbanded on 1 Apr 1944. Reestablished and redesignated 476 Fighter Group (Air Defense) on 11 Dec 1956. Activated on 8 Feb 1957. Discontinued on 1 Apr 1960. Redesignated: 476 Tactical Fighter Group on 31 Jul 1985; 476 Fighter Group on 6 Jan 2009. Activated on 1 Feb 2009.
Assignments: Fourteenth Air Force, 19 May-31 Jul 1943. First Air Force, 1 Dec 1943; Second Air Force, 26 Mar-1 Apr 1944. 29 Air Division, 8 Feb 1957-1 Apr 1960. 442 Fighter Wing, 1 Feb 2009-.
Squadrons: 13 Fighter Interceptor: 1 Jul 1959-1 Apr 1960. 76 Fighter: 1 Feb 2009-. 453 Fighter: 1 Dec 1943-1 Apr 1944. 541 Fighter: 1 Dec 1943-1 Apr 1944. 542 Fighter: 1 Dec 1943-1 Apr 1944. 543 Fighter: 1 Dec 1943-1 Apr 1944.
Stations: Kunming, China, 19 May-31 Jul 1943. Richmond AAB, 1 Dec 1943; Pocatello AAFld, ID, 26 Mar-1 Apr 1944. Glasgow AFB, MT, 8 Feb 1957-1 Apr 1960. Moody AFB, GA, 1 Feb 2009-.
Commanders: Unkn, 19 May-31 Jul 1943. Unkn, 1 Dec 1943-1 Apr 1944. Maj Charles E. Darling, 8 Feb 1957; Col Beverly E. Carmack, 1 Jul 1958; Col Clayton M. Isaacson, 10 Jul 1959-1 Apr 1960.
Aircraft: None, 1943-1944. F-86, 1959-1960; F-101, 1959-1960.
Operations: Activated in China on 19 May 1943; disbanded two months later. Reactivated in the US on 1 Dec 1943 as a replacement training unit with four squadrons assigned; squadrons apparently did not become operational and group disbanded on 1 Apr 1944. Activated again on 8 Feb 1957; involved in activation of Glasgow AFB, MT; did not operate as a separate unit until 9 Mar 1959; trained air defense crews through inactivation on 1 Apr 1960.
Service Streamers: None.
Campaign Streamers: World War II: China Defensive.
Armed Forces Expeditionary Streamers: None.
Decorations: None.
Emblem: Approved 18 May 2010.
Lineage, Assignments, Components, Stations, and Honors through 10 Feb 2009.
Commanders, Aircraft, and Operations through 1 Apr 1960.
Tigers With New Stripes (Moody AFB News) by Master Sgt. Bill Huntington 442nd Fighter Wing Public Affairs 7/13/2009 - MOODY AIR FORCE BASE, Ga. -- The Air Force's historic Flying Tigers officially came to the Air Force Reserve Command as the 476th Fighter Group was activated in a ceremony here, July 11. The stand up of the 476th FG -- with its subordinate units, the 76th Fighter Squadron, the 476th Maintenance Squadron and the 476th Aerospace Medicine Flight -- is also historic as it officially brings Total Force Integration to Moody with 476 citizen Airmen flying and maintaining the 23rd Wing's A-10C Thunderbolt II aircraft in the Air Force's first A-10 fighter- associate unit partnership. During the ceremony Col. Greg Eckfeld, 476th FG commander, spoke of the great distance the group has come since its start in 2008 as a detachment of the 442nd Fighter Wing, which is based at Whiteman Air Force Base, Mo. "A little more than a year ago I arrived at Moody, excited, but wondering how I, and a group of four other initial personnel , were going to grow this organization and if we could integrate Citizen Airmen from the Air Force Reserve with our active-duty counterparts," Colonel Eckfeld said. "I can say without question, we have been successful." According to the colonel, this has been accomplished while supporting real-world, combat operations with pilots and crew chiefs deploying for Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. Colonel Eckfeld also thanked his people for all of their hard work in making it happen and emphasized his gratitude to Moody's host unit for their contributions in the effort to make TFI a reality. "My future challenge and primary goals are, first, recruiting and then integrating traditional reservists and Air Reserve Technicians into the busy operations tempo of the 23rd Wing," Colonel Eckfeld said. "Our challenge is building integrated organizations that operate seamlessly with both active-duty personnel and reservists working side by side in this busy environment." The event, presided over by Col. Mark Clemons, 442nd FW commander, followed the time-honored tradition of unfurling each unit's guidon flags, and introducing the new commanders. It included a special salute to the 476th FG and 76th FS commanders by their respective aircraft crew chiefs as commanders' names were revealed painted on the sides of two A-10s. Underscoring the group's pioneering role in the Air Force, Colonel Clemons recounted the 76th Fighter Squadron's heritage from its start in China as the American Volunteer Group and subsequent organization as an official Army Air Forces squadron during World War II. "Once again, the 76th is pioneering new ways of applying combat aerospace power," Colonel Clemons said of the 76th FS. "With its reincarnation as the 76th Fighter Squadron, this proud and storied unit will be the first-ever A-10 associate unit, flying a unique combat aircraft, which has been modified for the digital age - the A-10C." Group members, standing in formation, rendered salutes to their new leaders as the ceremony progressed. Recognizing the significance of the event, some later expressed their pride, as well as a determination to become a TFI team player. "We are here and we are ready to support the active-duty," said Master Sgt. Stacey Moore, 476th AMDF. "We are stepping forward in a new thing and we are going to make it work." ![]()
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